Tonography and fluorophotometry studies in man suggest that its predominant action may be related to reduced aqueous formation. Elevated intraocular pressure is a major risk factor in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous visual field loss. Click to enlarge. Timolol Maleate. Chemical formula: C13H24N4O3S Drugbank ID: DB00373 ATC code(s): C07DA06, S01ED01, S01ED51, C07AA06, C07BA06. I have been using timolol malate ophthalmic solution for the past three years as both a vestibular migraine preventive and, most recently, as an acute treatment. Inhibitor/Blocker.
If you are a consumer or patient please visit Difficulty in restarting and maintaining the heartbeat has also been reported. Use of timolol maleate ophthalmic solution in these children is supported by evidence from adequate and well controlled studies in children and adults. Since in some patients the pressure-lowering response to timolol may require a few weeks to stabilize, evaluation should include a determination of intraocular pressure after approximately 4 weeks of treatment with timolol. Safety and efficacy in pediatric patients below the age of 2 years have not been established. Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade reduces cardiac output in both healthy subjects and patients with heart disease. Each mL of sterile, isotonic, buffered, clear, colourless-to-pale-yellow ophthalmic solution contains timolol maleate equivalent to 2.5 mg of timolol (0.25%).
Timolol ophthalmic solution (Timoptic, Timoptic-XE, Timoptic in Ocudose) is a prescription eye solution prescribed to treat glaucoma, high blood pressure, and angina. The necessity or desirability of withdrawal of beta-adrenergic blocking agents prior to major surgery is controversial. Some patients receiving beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents have experienced protracted severe hypotension during anesthesia. Bronchospasm (predominantly in patients with pre-existing bronchospastic disease), respiratory failure, dyspnea, nasal congestion, cough and upper respiratory infections.
Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].
Because of diurnal variations in intraocular pressure, satisfactory response to the once-a-day dose is best determined by measuring the intraocular pressure at different times during the day. In patients with severe impairment of myocardial function, beta-adrenergic receptor blockade may inhibit the stimulatory effect of the sympathetic nervous system necessary to maintain adequate cardiac function. Patients should be instructed to avoid allowing the tip of the dispensing container to contact the eye or surrounding structures. Side effects, drug interactions, dosing, and storage information, and pregnancy safety should be reviewed prior to taking this medication. Health Condition. A slight reduction of resting heart rate in some patients receiving timolol (mean reduction 2.9 beats/minute standard deviation 10.2) was observed. 17478-288-11, In these studies, timolol was generally well tolerated and produced fewer and less severe side effects than either pilocarpine or epinephrine. This may augment the risk of general anesthesia in surgical procedures. It is used as an eye drop. It is used as an eye drop. Updated In a lifetime oral study in mice, there were statistically significant increases in the incidence of benign and malignant pulmonary tumors, benign uterine polyps and mammary adenocarcinomas in female mice at 500 mg/kg/day, (approximately 71,000 times the systemic exposure following the maximum recommended human ophthalmic dose), but not at 5 or 50 mg/kg/day (approximately 700 or 7,000, respectively, times the systemic exposure following the maximum recommended human ophthalmic dose). Protect from freezing. Common interactions include blood potassium decreased among females and drug ineffective among males. The nominal optical rotation of timolol maleate is: Recently a new preparation, timolol hemihydrate, has been described which eliminates the maleate buffer and simplifies the purification step for the R-enantiomer. Precautions. Normally I don’t discuss medications on this site, but on this World Brain Day which features the painful truth about Migraine, I wanted to share my very personal experience with timolol drops for migraine in case it may help others.
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