Agents used for these purposes include antihistamines, benzodiazepines, phenothiazines, monoaminergic agents, and anticholinergic agents.Antihistamines prevent the histamine response in sensory nerve endings and blood vessels and are effective in treating vertigo.Meclizine decreases the excitability of the inner-ear labyrinth and blocks conduction in inner-ear vestibular-cerebellar pathways. Vestibular migraine: diagnostic criteria. Further studies in rats at doses up to and including 80 mg/kg/day did not reveal teratological effects on the offspring.In humans, measurable blood levels of diazepam were obtained in maternal and cord blood, indicating placental transfer of the drug.Diazepam is indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or for the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety. Individualize the dosage, and cautiously increase it so as to avoid adverse effects. Katsarkas A. Dizziness in aging: the clinical experience. Benzodiazepines, such as Valium (diazepam) or Ativan (lorazepam), often relieve vertigo caused by inner ear disorders such as Meniere’s disease, labyrinthitis, migraine-associated vertigo, or vestibular neuronitis.
Important Information 2002 It is most effective if used as needed for 2-3 days with episodes of true vertigo. Diazepam is a benzodiazepine (ben-zoe-dye-AZE-eh-peens). This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties. Severe adverse effects preclude its use in elderly. Migraine-associated vestibulopathy. Long-term experiments in rats revealed no disturbances of endocrine function.A series of rat reproduction studies was performed with diazepam in oral doses of 1, 10, 80 and 100 mg/kg. It depresses all levels of the central nervous system (CNS), including the limbic system and the reticular formation, possibly by increasing the activity of GABA. Generally milder withdrawal symptoms (e.g., dysphoria and insomnia) have been reported following abrupt discontinuance of benzodiazepines taken continuously at therapeutic levels for several months. Prochlorperazine is an antidopaminergic drug that blocks postsynaptic mesolimbic dopamine receptors. Abrupt withdrawal of diazepam in such cases may also be associated with a temporary increase in the frequency and/or severity of seizures.Since diazepam has a central nervous system depressant effect, patients should be advised against the simultaneous ingestion of alcohol and other CNS-depressant drugs during diazepam therapy.Manifestations of diazepam overdosage include somnolence, confusion, coma and diminished reflexes. It has anticholinergic activity and can depress the reticular activating system (this effect may be responsible for relief of nausea and vomiting).
Procedures Glycopyrrolate is safer and has fewer adverse effects. Clinical spectrum of episodic ataxia type 2. von Brevern M, Ta N, Shankar A, et al. Diagnostic value of prolonged latencies in the vestibular evoked myogenic potential. Chemically, diazepam is 7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2 H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. Olsson Möller U, Midlöv P, Kristensson J, Ekdahl C, Berglund J, Jakobsson U. Promethazine is well tolerated by elderly patients and does not have the potential for causing extrapyramidal syndrome. These effects may prevent vertigo and emesis. Prevalence and predictors of falls and dizziness in people younger and older than 80 years of age-A longitudinal cohort study. Rate and predictors of serious neurologic causes of dizziness in the emergency department. For other causes of vertigo your doctor may give you special exercises to do. 10, FD&C Red No. Example of Frenzel goggles used for evaluation in neuro-otology clinic.
As is true of most preparations containing CNS-acting drugs, patients receiving diazepam should be cautioned against engaging in hazardous occupations requiring complete mental alertness such as operating machinery or driving a motor vehicle.As with other agents which have anticonvulsant activity, when diazepam is used as an adjunct in treating convulsive disorders, the possibility of an increase in the frequency and/or severity of grand mal seizures may require an increase in the dosage of standard anticonvulsant medication. All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2020 by WebMD LLC. Diseases & Conditions It may be used in patients with open angle glaucoma who are receiving appropriate therapy, but is contraindicated in acute narrow angle glaucoma.Diazepam is not of value in the treatment of psychotic patients and should not be employed in lieu of appropriate treatment. Practice parameter: therapies for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology.
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