The highest prevalence rates are found among young adults who have frequent partner change rates. Marcus JL, Bernstein KT, Stephens SC, et al. Saving Lives, Protecting People Repeat infection with Chlamydia and gonorrhea among females: a systematic review of the literature.
In this article, learn about the symptoms and complications in males.
Pregnant women under 25 and those at increased risk for chlamydia (e.g., women who have a new or more than one sex partner) should be screened again in their third trimester. Current opinion in infectious diseases 2009;22:57-66.4. Women infected with chlamydia are up to five times more likely to become infected with HIV, if exposed.Sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Westrom L, Joesoef R, Reynolds G, Hagdu A, Thompson SE. BMJ (Clinical research ed) 2007;334:354.53. Preventive medicine 2003;36:502-9.22. Infection can spread from the cervix to the upper reproductive tract (i.e., uterus, fallopian tubes), causing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which may be asymptomatic (“subclinical PID”)Men who are symptomatic typically have urethritis, with a mucoid or watery urethral discharge and dysuria. Elliott BA, Larson JT.
Doshi JS, Power J, Allen E. Acceptability of chlamydia screening using self-taken vaginal swabs. British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 1975;82:81-99.18. Schachter J, Grossman M, Sweet RL, Holt J, Jordan C, Bishop E. Prospective study of perinatal transmission of 13. 25. 3 In 2018, 1,758,668 cases of chlamydia were reported to CDC from 50 states and the District of Columbia, 3 but an estimated 2.86 million infections occur annually. O’Farrell N, Morison L, Moodley P, et al. Sentinel surveillance of rectal chlamydia and gonorrhea among males–San Francisco, 2005-2008. Farley TA, Cohen DA, Elkins W. Asymptomatic sexually transmitted diseases: the case for screening. Many people tend to presume that STIs such as chlamydia can only be passed on through penetrative sex; however, this is not the case. However, the screening of sexually active young men should be considered in clinical settings with a high prevalence of chlamydia (e.g., adolescent clinics, correctional facilities, and STD clinics) when resources permit and do not hinder screening efforts in women.Sexually active men who have sex with men (MSM) who had insertive intercourse should be screened for urethral chlamydial infection and MSM who had receptive anal intercourse should be screened for rectal infection at least annually; screening for pharyngeal infection is not recommended.. More frequent chlamydia screening at 3-month intervals is indicated for MSM, including those with HIV infection, if risk behaviors persist or if they or their sexual partners have multiple partners.At the initial HIV care visit, providers should test all sexually active persons with HIV infection for chlamydia and perform testing at least annually during the course of HIV care. Hammerschlag MR, Chandler JW, Alexander ER, English M, Koutsky L. Longitudinal studies on chlamydial infections in the first year of life. Kraut-Becher JR, Aral SO.
Cates W, Jr., Wasserheit JN. A cohort study of 1,844 women with laparoscopically verified disease and 657 control women with normal laparoscopic results. Satterwhite CL et al, Sexually transmitted infections among US women and men: prevalence and incidence estimates, 2008. Wiesenfeld HC, Sweet RL, Ness RB, Krohn MA, Amortegui AJ, Hillier SL. Most people who are infected have no symptoms. Ocular chlamydial infections: pathogenesis and emerging treatment strategies. Some young people don’t use condoms consistently.Men who have sex with men (MSM) are also at risk for chlamydial infection since chlamydia can be transmitted by oral or anal sex.
Cunningham SD, Kerrigan DL, Jennings JM, Ellen JM. It is important to take all of the medication prescribed to cure chlamydia. Estimates of the proportion of chlamydia-infected people who develop symptoms vary by setting and study methodology; two published studies that incorporated modeling techniques to address limitations of point prevalence surveys estimated that only about 10% of men and 5-30% of women with laboratory-confirmed chlamydial infection develop symptoms.In women, the bacteria initially infect the cervix, where the infection may cause signs and symptoms of cervicitis (e.g., mucopurulent endocervical discharge, easily induced endocervical bleeding), and sometimes the urethra, which may result in signs and symptoms of urethritis (e.g., pyuria, dysuria, urinary frequency). If a person’s symptoms continue for more than a few days after receiving treatment, he or she should return to a health care provider to be reevaluated.Infants infected with chlamydia may develop ophthalmia neonatorum (conjunctivitis) and/or pneumonia.If a person has been diagnosed and treated for chlamydia, he or she should tell all recent anal, vaginal, or oral sex partners (all sex partners within 60 days before the onset of symptoms or diagnosis) so they can see a health care provider and be treated. Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted disease (STD) that can be easily cured.
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