Vaccination against varicella is not a requirement for entry into any country (including the United States), but people who do not have evidence of immunity should be considered at risk for varicella during international travel. Diseases & Conditions

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a member of the herpesvirus family.

Travelers at highest risk for severe varicella are infants, adults, and immunocompromised people without evidence of immunity (see criteria for evidence of immunity in “Prevention” below).Varicella is generally a mild disease in children, and most people recover without serious complications. Consider treatment with oral acyclovir for people at increased risk for moderate to severe disease, such as people aged >12 years; people with chronic cutaneous or pulmonary disorders; people who are receiving long-term salicylate therapy; people who are receiving short, intermittent, or aerosolized courses of corticosteroids; and possibly secondary cases among household contacts. 2002 For more information about this message, please visit this page: https://profreg.medscape.com/px/getpracticeprofile.do?method=getProfessionalProfile&urlCache=aHR0cHM6Ly9yZWZlcmVuY2UubWVkc2NhcGUuY29tL2RydWcvem92aXJheC1hY3ljbG92aXItMzQyNjAx Note: Javascript is disabled or is not supported by your browser. [No authors listed] PMID: 2879995 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Breakthrough varicella is usually mild, with <50 lesions, low or no fever, and shorter duration of rash. CDC recommends varicella vaccine for all people aged ≥12 months without evidence of immunity to varicella who do not have contraindications to the vaccine. 800 mg PO 5 times daily for 5 to 7 days beginning 7 to 10 days after exposure is recommended by some experts when passive immunization with varicella zoster immunoglobulin (VariZIG) is not feasible. Oral dosage . For this reason, some items on this page will be unavailable. Breakthrough varicella is contagious, although less so than varicella, in unvaccinated people.Often based on an appropriate exposure history and the presence of a generalized maculopapulovesicular rash, the clinical diagnosis of varicella in the United States has become increasingly challenging as a growing proportion of cases now occur in vaccinated people in whom disease is mild, and rash is atypical. In the absence of both VariZIG and IVIG, some experts recommend prophylaxis with acyclovir (80 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses for 7 days; maximum dose, 800 mg, 4 times per day), beginning 7–10 days after exposure for people without evidence of immunity and with contraindications for varicella vaccination. In tropical climates, by contrast, infection tends to be more common later in childhood, with higher susceptibility among adults than in temperate climates, especially in less densely populated areas. In the absence of vesicles or scabs, scrapings of maculopapular lesions can be collected for testing.Serologic tests may also be used to confirm disease but are less reliable than PCR or direct fluorescent antibody methods for virus identification.

For children ≥12 months and <13 years: 2 doses of vaccine administered ≥3 months apart. Chickenpox vaccine is very safe and effective at preventing the disease. VZV enters the host through the upper respiratory tract or the conjunctiva. Use: For the treatment of chickenpox (varicella). Intravenous acyclovir is recommended for immunocompromised people, including patients being treated with high-dose corticosteroids for ≥2 weeks and people with serious, virally mediated complications (such as pneumonia). 1987 Jan 17;1(8525):161. HIV-Infected Adults (guideline dosing):-Post-Exposure Prophylaxis: 1 g orally 3 times a day for 5 to 7 days; begin 7 to 10 days after exposure Comments:

provider for the most current information.The recipient will receive more details and instructions to access this offer.By clicking send, you acknowledge that you have permission to email the recipient with this information.The recipient will receive more details and instructions to access this offer.By clicking send, you acknowledge that you have permission to email the recipient with this information. In the absence of both VariZIG and IVIG, some experts recommend prophylaxis with acyclovir (80 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses for 7 days; maximum dose, 800 mg, 4 times per day), beginning 7–10 days after exposure for people without evidence of immunity and with contraindications for varicella vaccination.

Immunocompromised patients: 10-15 mg/kg IV q8hr for 7-10 days .

In utero infection can also occur due to transplacental passage of the virus during maternal varicella infection.Varicella occurs worldwide. The highest incidence of disease in tropical climates occurs during the driest, coolest months.With the implementation of the childhood varicella vaccination program in the United States in 1996, substantial declines have occurred in disease incidence. Usual Adult Dose for Herpes Zoster - Prophylaxis.

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